

Software (and Data References) should include a version number if possible.Otherwise, any other DOI data sets or software referenced will be cited in the text and included in the reference list.


If your paper has an associated DOI data set or software (e.g., Zenodo, MAST, CANFAR), it will be treated as an online-only element if it was created for the article.A list of common journal abbreviations is available at. Journal abbreviations follow NASA ADS format.“In preparation” and “personal/private communication” sources are cited in-text only year and first initial(s) with surnames must be included.Please provide the preprint link if available. “In press” and “submitted” articles are included in the reference list with the name of the journal they have been submitted to.For references with more than five authors, the last name and initials of the first three authors should be listed, followed by a comma and “et al.” For references with five authors or fewer, the last name and initials of all five authors should be listed.Single-letter subscripts and indices are set in italic as a default but subscripts that can easily be identified as standing for proper names (E for Einstein), chemical elements (H), or abbreviations (or acronyms) of words with two or more letters (e.g., eff for “effective,” max for “maximum,” tot for “totals,” CR for “cosmic rays”) are set in roman.Note that stacked fractions are preferred in Equations. Fractions associated with a unit in the main text should be shilled (1/2), not stacked (½). Fractions in the main text that are not associated with a unit should be spelled out, e.g., one-third, one-ninth, etc.Do not use hyphens between numbers and their units (e.g., 5 cm thick, not 5-cm thick).Vector operations and operators (e.g., ×, ∇) are also set in bold. Vectors are distinguished from other variables by bold-italic type (e.g., B) arrows over symbols are not used to denote vectors in AAS articles.(Note the position of second and fractional minute symbols above the decimal point in the fractional unit.) Fractional minute symbols: Right ascension and declination in text and equations are given in the form below.Punctuate equations (inline and numbered) as part of the sentence they appear in. If an equation concludes a sentence, it should be followed by a period, and if it appears at the end of a clause (or acts as part of a list), it should be followed by a comma.
